The energy transition is often portrayed as a linear and technology-driven replacement of fossil fuels, but in reality it is a complex system shift constrained by physics, economics and infrastructure. Hydrogen has become one of the most promoted elements of this transition, frequently framed as a universal solution despite significant inefficiencies, high costs and practical limitations. This talk takes a critical but constructive view on hydrogen’s role, highlighting where large-scale deployment is unlikely or unrealistic, while focusing on where hydrogen can genuinely add value, particularly in hard-to-abate industrial processes, regional energy storage systems, and heavy transport applications such as maritime shipping. The presentation argues for a selective and pragmatic hydrogen economy, one that complements electrification rather than competes with it, and contributes meaningfully to decarbonisation where no better alternatives exist.